Most couples focus on sperm count, motility and morphology. But there is another factor that standard sperm tests do not show — infection.

A microbiological infection in the male reproductive tract can silently damage sperm, block ducts, disrupt sperm production and trigger oxidative stress — all without any obvious symptoms. The man feels completely fine. The tests look almost normal. And yet conception is not happening.

This is more common than most people realise.

What does this test look for?

The semen culture test identifies microorganisms in the urogenital tract that can reduce male fertility. This includes:

— Sexually transmitted infections: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Ureaplasma, Syphilis
— Enterobacteria: E. coli, Klebsiella and others
— Chronic low-grade infections that cause inflammation without obvious symptoms

These pathogens can affect sperm quality in multiple ways — damaging the membrane, reducing motility, causing DNA fragmentation and triggering the kind of oxidative stress that prevents fertilisation even when everything else appears normal.

How is the test done?

A semen sample is collected under specific hygiene conditions to prevent contamination. Clear preparation instructions are provided beforehand. The sample is then cultured in the laboratory to identify any microorganisms present and determine the most effective treatment.

If an infection is detected, antibiotic treatment is recommended before proceeding with IVF or any assisted reproduction. Treating the infection first significantly improves the chances of success.

Why this test matter

Testing is recommended for pathogens such as sexually transmitted infections (Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Ureaplasma, Syphilis) and enterobacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella). Proper hygiene instructions are given before sample collection to prevent contamination. If an infection is detected, antibiotic treatment is necessary before proceeding with assisted reproduction.